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- Network Working Group Simpson
- Internet Draft Daydreamer
- expires in six months January 1992
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- PPP LCP Extensions
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- Status of this Memo
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- This memo is the product of the Point-to-Point Protocol Working Group
- of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Comments on this memo
- should be submitted to the ietf-ppp@ucdavis.edu mailing list.
-
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
- documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
- and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
- working documents as Internet Drafts. Internet Drafts are draft
- documents valid for a maximum of six months. Internet Drafts may be
- updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It
- is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to
- cite them other than as a ``working draft'' or ``work in progress.''
- Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the
- internet-drafts Shadow Directories on nic.ddn.mil, nnsc.nsf.net,
- nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or munnari.oz.au to learn the
- current status of any Internet Draft.
-
- Abstract
-
- The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method of
- encapsulating Network Layer protocol information over point-to-point
- links. PPP also defines an extensible Link Control Protocol.
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- This document defines several additional LCP features which have been
- suggested over the past year.
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- 1. Additional LCP Packets
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- The Packet format and basic facilities are already defined for LCP [1].
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- The most up-to-date values of the LCP Code field are specified in the
- most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2]. This document concerns the
- following values:
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- 13 Connect-Time
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- 1.1. Connect-Time
-
- Description
-
- This Code provides a mechanism for notifying the peer of the time
- remaining in this session.
-
- The nature of this information is advisory only. It is intended
- that only one side of the connection will send this packet
- (generally a "dial-in server"). The session is concluded by the
- Terminate-Request packet.
-
- Implementation Note: This notification is defined as a separate
- LCP Code, rather than a Configuration-Option, in order that
- changes and warning messages may occur dynamically during the
- session, and that the information might be determined after
- Authentication has occurred. Typically, this packet is sent at
- the beginning of a session, and at regular intervals throughout
- the session, particularly near the end of the session.
-
- A summary of the Connect-Time packet format is shown below. The
- fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Code | Identifier | Length |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Magic-Number |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Seconds-Remaining |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Message ...
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-
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- Code
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- 13 for Connect-Time
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- Identifier
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- The Identifier field is one octet and is for use by the Connect-
- Time transmitter.
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- Length
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- >= 12
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- Seconds-Remaining
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- The Seconds-Remaining field is four octets and indicates the
- number of integral seconds remaining in this session. This 32 bit
- unsigned value is sent most significant octet first. A value of
- 0xffffffff (all ones) represents no timeout, or "forever".
-
- Message
-
- The Message field is zero or more octets, and its contents are
- implementation dependent. It is intended to be human readable,
- and MUST NOT affect operation of the protocol. It is recommended
- that the message contain displayable ASCII characters 32 through
- 126 decimal. Mechanisms for extension to other character sets are
- the topic of future research. The size is determined from the
- Length field.
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- 2. Additional LCP Configuration Options
-
- The Configuration Option format and basic options are already defined
- for LCP [1].
-
- The most up-to-date values of the LCP Option Type field are specified in
- the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2]. This document concerns the
- following values:
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- 9 FCS-Alternatives
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- 10 Self-Describing-Pad
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- 13 Callback
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- 2.1. FCS-Alternatives
-
- Description
-
- This Configuration Option provides a way for an implementation to
- specify another FCS format to be sent by the peer, or to negotiate
- away the FCS altogether.
-
- This option is negotiated separately in each direction. However,
- it is not required that an implementation be capable of
- concurrently generating a different FCS on each side of the link.
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- More than one FCS Option MAY be present in the same Configure-
- Request, and any remaining FCS Options are Ack'd together. That
- is, if the implementations agree, each packet may have a different
- FCS.
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- The negotiated FCS values take effect only during Authentication
- and Network-Layer Protocol phases. Packets sent during any other
- phase MUST contain the 16-bit FCS.
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- The link can be subject to loss of state, and the LCP can re-
- negotiate at any time. When the LCP begins renegotiation, it is
- recommended that the LCP Configure-Request packet be sent with the
- last negotiated FCS, followed by another LCP Configure-Request
- packet with the 16-bit FCS. On receipt of a LCP Configure-Request
- or Terminate-Request packet, the implementation MUST change to the
- 16-bit FCS for both transmission and reception.
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- The null FCS SHOULD only be used for those network-layer protocols
- which have an end-to-end checksum available, such as TCP/IP, or
- UDP/IP with the checksum enabled. That is, the null FCS option
- SHOULD be negotiated together with another non-null FCS option in
- a heterogeneous environment.
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- When an extraneous FCS is provided, any extra octets will appear
- to be padding. Therefore, the null FCS option MUST NOT be used
- with the Self-Describing-Pad Configuration Option (described
- below).
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- When a configuration (LCP or NCP) or authentication packet is
- sent, a FCS MUST be included. When a configuration (LCP or NCP)
- or authentication packet is received, the FCS MUST be verified.
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- A summary of the FCS-Alternatives Configuration Option format is
- shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
-
- 0 1 2
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | FCS |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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- Type
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- 9
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- Length
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- 3
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- FCS
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- This field specifies the kind of FCS to be used on the link.
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- 0 no FCS
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- 16 16-bit FCS (default)
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- 32 32-bit FCS
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- 2.2. Self-Describing-Pad
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- Description
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- This Configuration Option provides a way for an implementation to
- indicate to the peer that it understands self-describing pads when
- padding is added to the PPP Information field. This option is
- most likely to be used when network-layer protocols, particularly
- compression protocols, are configured which require detection and
- removal of any trailing pads. Such protocols are identified in
- thier respective NCP documents.
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- If the option is Rejected, the peer MUST NOT add padding to such
- protocols, but MAY add padding to other protocols.
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- If the option is Ack'd, the peer MUST add at least one octet of
- self-describing pad to such protocols, but is not required to add
- unnecessary padding to other protocols.
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- Implementation Notes: This is defined so that the Reject
- handles either case where the peer does not generate self-
- describing pads; when it does not understand the option, or
- when it never generates pads.
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- While some implementations might only be capable of adding
- padding to every protocol or not adding padding to any
- protocol, by design the receiver need not examine protocols
- which do not need the pads stripped.
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- To avoid unnecessary configuration handshakes, an
- implementation which generates padding, and has a protocol
- configured which requires the padding to be known, SHOULD
- include this Option in its Configure-Request, and SHOULD
- Configure-Nak with this Option when it is not present in the
- peer's Request.
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- Each octet of self-describing pad contains the index of that
- octet; that is, three pad octets would contain the values 1, 2, 3.
- After removing the FCS, the final pad octet contains the number of
- pad octets to remove.
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- Implementation Note: If any of the pad octets contain an
- incorrect index value, the entire frame SHOULD be silently
- discarded. This is intended to prevent confusion in an
- environment which understands more than one FCS, but might not
- be necessary in robust implementations.
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- A summary of the Self-Describing-Pad Configuration Option format is
- shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
-
- 0 1
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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- Type
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- 10
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- Length
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- 2.3. Callback
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- Description
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- This Configuration Option provides a way for an implementation to
- request a dial-up peer to call back. This option might be used
- for many diverse purposes, such as perceived security or savings
- on toll charges.
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- When callback is successfully negotiated, the Authentication phase
- proceeds directly to Termination phase.
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- Implementation Note: A peer which agrees to this option SHOULD
- request the Authentication-Protocol Configuration Option. The
- user information learned during authentication can be used to
- determine the user location, or to limit a user to certain
- locations, or merely to determine who to bill for the service.
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- A summary of the Callback Option format is shown below. The fields
- are transmitted from left to right.
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- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | Operation | Message ...
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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- Type
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- 13
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- Length
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- >= 3
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- Operation
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- The Operation field is one octet and indicates the contents of the
- Message field.
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- 0 location is determined by user authentication
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- 1 telephone number
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- 2 location identifier
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- Message
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- The Message field is zero or more octets, and its contents are
- determined by the Operation field. The size is determined from the
- Length field.
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- A. Fast Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Implementation
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- A.1. 32-bit FCS Computation Method
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- The following code provides a table lookup computation for
- calculating the 32-bit Frame Check Sequence as data arrives at the
- interface.
-
- /*
- * u32 represents an unsigned 32-bit number. Adjust the typedef for
- * your hardware.
- */
- typedef unsigned long u32;
-
- static u32 fcstab_32[256] =
- {
- 0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba,
- 0x076dc419, 0x706af48f, 0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3,
- 0x0edb8832, 0x79dcb8a4, 0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988,
- 0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07, 0x90bf1d91,
- 0x1db71064, 0x6ab020f2, 0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de,
- 0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7,
- 0x136c9856, 0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec,
- 0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9, 0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5,
- 0x3b6e20c8, 0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4, 0xa2677172,
- 0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b,
- 0x35b5a8fa, 0x42b2986c, 0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940,
- 0x32d86ce3, 0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59,
- 0x26d930ac, 0x51de003a, 0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116,
- 0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423, 0xcfba9599, 0xb8bda50f,
- 0x2802b89e, 0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924,
- 0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d,
- 0x76dc4190, 0x01db7106, 0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a,
- 0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f, 0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433,
- 0x7807c9a2, 0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e, 0xe10e9818,
- 0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d, 0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01,
- 0x6b6b51f4, 0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e,
- 0x6c0695ed, 0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457,
- 0x65b0d9c6, 0x12b7e950, 0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c,
- 0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3, 0xfbd44c65,
- 0x4db26158, 0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2,
- 0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7, 0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb,
- 0x4369e96a, 0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0,
- 0x44042d73, 0x33031de5, 0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9,
- 0x5005713c, 0x270241aa, 0xbe0b1010, 0xc90c2086,
- 0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f,
- 0x5edef90e, 0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4,
- 0x59b33d17, 0x2eb40d81, 0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad,
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- 0xedb88320, 0x9abfb3b6, 0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a,
- 0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615, 0x73dc1683,
- 0xe3630b12, 0x94643b84, 0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8,
- 0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1,
- 0xf00f9344, 0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe,
- 0xf762575d, 0x806567cb, 0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7,
- 0xfed41b76, 0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a, 0x67dd4acc,
- 0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5,
- 0xd6d6a3e8, 0xa1d1937e, 0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252,
- 0xd1bb67f1, 0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b,
- 0xd80d2bda, 0xaf0a1b4c, 0x36034af6, 0x41047a60,
- 0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55, 0x316e8eef, 0x4669be79,
- 0xcb61b38c, 0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236,
- 0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f,
- 0xc5ba3bbe, 0xb2bd0b28, 0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04,
- 0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31, 0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d,
- 0x9b64c2b0, 0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c, 0x026d930a,
- 0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f, 0x72076785, 0x05005713,
- 0x95bf4a82, 0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38,
- 0x92d28e9b, 0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21,
- 0x86d3d2d4, 0xf1d4e242, 0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e,
- 0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1, 0x18b74777,
- 0x88085ae6, 0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c,
- 0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69, 0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45,
- 0xa00ae278, 0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2,
- 0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7, 0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db,
- 0xaed16a4a, 0xd9d65adc, 0x40df0b66, 0x37d83bf0,
- 0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9,
- 0xbdbdf21c, 0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6,
- 0xbad03605, 0xcdd70693, 0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf,
- 0xb3667a2e, 0xc4614ab8, 0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94,
- 0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b, 0x2d02ef8d
- };
-
- #define PPP_INITFCS32 0xffffffff /* Initial FCS value */
- #define PPP_GOODFCS32 0xfebb20e3 /* Good final FCS value */
-
- /*
- * Calculate a new FCS given the current FCS and the new data.
- */
- u32 pppfcs32(fcs, cp, len)
- register u32 fcs;
- register unsigned char *cp;
- register int len;
- {
- ASSERT(sizeof (u32) == 4);
- ASSERT(((u32) -1) > 0);
- while (len--)
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- fcs = (((fcs) >> 8) ^ fcstab_32[((fcs) ^ (*cp++)) & 0xff]);
-
- return (fcs);
- }
-
- main()
- {
- int len;
- u32 fcs;
- unsigned char buf[10];
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- fcs = PPP_INITFCS32;
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- while ((len = read(0, buf, sizeof buf)) > 0)
- fcs = pppfcs32(fcs, buf, len);
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- printf("0x%08X0, fcs);
- exit(0);
- }
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- Security Considerations
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- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
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- References
-
- [1] Simpson, W.A., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", RFC 1331,
- May 1992.
-
- [2] Reynolds, J.K., Postel, J.B., "Assigned Numbers", RFC 1340,
- July 1992.
-
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- Acknowledgments
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- Some of the original text for FCS-Alternatives was provided by Arthur
- Harvey (then of DEC). The null FCS was requested by Peter Honeyman
- (UMich). The 32-bit FCS example code was provided by Karl Fox
- (Morning Star Technologies).
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- The Self-Describing-Pad was suggested and named by Fred Baker (ACC).
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- The Connect-Time feature was suggested by Brad Parker (then of
- Cayman).
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- Chair's Address
-
- The working group can be contacted via the current chair:
-
- Brian Lloyd
- B.P. Lloyd & Associates, Inc.
- 3420 Sudbury Road
- Cameron Park, California 95682
-
- Phone: (916) 676-1147
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- EMail: brian@lloyd.com
-
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- Author's Address
-
- Questions about this memo can also be directed to:
-
- William Allen Simpson
- Daydreamer
- Computer Systems Consulting Services
-
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- P O Box 6205
- East Lansing, MI 48826-6205
-
- EMail: Bill.Simpson@um.cc.umich.edu
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- Table of Contents
-
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- 1. Additional LCP Packets ................................ 1
- 1.1 Connect-Time .................................... 2
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- 2. Additional LCP Configuration Options .................. 4
- 2.1 FCS-Alternatives ................................ 5
- 2.2 Self-Describing-Pad ............................. 7
- 2.3 Callback ........................................ 9
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- APPENDICES ................................................... 11
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- A. Fast Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Implementation ........ 11
- A.1 32-bit FCS Computation Method ................... 11
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- SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS ...................................... 14
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- REFERENCES ................................................... 14
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- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................. 14
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- CHAIR'S ADDRESS .............................................. 14
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- AUTHOR'S ADDRESS ............................................. 14
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